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  1. Fungal and Fungal-like Diseases of Plants

    https://ohioline.osu.edu/factsheet/plpath-gen-7

    Thomas K. Mitchell, Department of Plant Pathology This is the seventh fact sheet in a series of ten ... designed to provide an overview of key concepts in plant pathology. Plant pathology is the study of plant ... the fungus called bunt or stinking smut (Tilletia spp.). The potato blight in Ireland and northern ...

  2. Food Preservation: Basics for Canning Vegetables

    https://ohioline.osu.edu/factsheet/HYG-5344

    must be canned in a pressure canner at the appropriate pressure to guarantee their safety. Deadly ... the bacterium that causes botulism food poisoning in low-acid foods such as vegetables. In vegetables ... the correct amount of time in a pressure canner. The Clostridium botulinum bacterium is harmless until ...

  3. Creative Leadership in 4-H—Flatwater Kayaking

    https://ohioline.osu.edu/factsheet/4h-39

    20 years, kayaking has emerged as one of the most popular outdoor recreation activities in America. ... In response to this popular trend, 4-H camping programs have added this option to their recreation ... This fact sheet provides a stop-gap training option for creatively engaging participants in 4-H ...

  4. Gray Leaf Spot of Corn

    https://ohioline.osu.edu/factsheet/plpath-cer-05

    prevalent foliar fungal diseases of corn in the state of Ohio ever since it was first reported in parts of ... Pickaway, Ross, Pike and Scioto counties in 1978. In the mid to latter years of the 1990s and early 2000s ... fungicide options were limited, GLS consistently caused substantial yield losses, primarily in the more ...

  5. Verticillium Wilt of Raspberry

    https://ohioline.osu.edu/factsheet/plpath-fru-04

    or the entire plant. The disease is usually more severe in black than in red raspberries. ... of black raspberry. Verticillium wilt is usually a cool-weather disease and is most severe in poorly ... black raspberries in June or early July, and on red raspberries about a month later. The lower leaves of ...

  6. Testing Protocols for Diseases Surveillance in Poultry

    https://ohioline.osu.edu/factsheet/vme-32

    complicated process that can be different in different diseases and in different situations. In this article ... we will review the general principals of surveillance programs in poultry and extract the basic ... characteristics of any laboratory test dictate how it can be used in a surveillance program. Before we review the ...

  7. Bacterial Crown Gall of Fruit Crops

    https://ohioline.osu.edu/factsheet/plpath-fru-19

    of brambles. All fruit crops grown in Ohio are susceptible. The disease is particularly destructive ... interfere with water and nutrient flow in the plants. Seriously infected plants may become weakened, ... cultivars of grape. Although they can occur, aerial galls are not common on fruit trees. In early stages of ...

  8. Black Root Rot of Strawberry

    https://ohioline.osu.edu/factsheet/plpath-fru-05

    found in every strawberry growing area of the United States, and a considerable incidence of black root ... rot has been observed in recent years in Ohio. Figure 1. Note the discolored (black) roots on this ... plant affected with black root rot. Symptoms Black root rot is most common in fields with a long history ...

  9. Cork Spot and Bitter Pit of Apples

    https://ohioline.osu.edu/factsheet/plpath-fru-01

    those involving fungus infections or hail injury. Cork spot, bitter pit and Jonathan spot are similar in ... that damage to tissue occurs mostly on the surface and in cell tissue just below the surface. Although ... related to reduced calcium availability in the developing fruit. Cork spot commonly occurs on York ...

  10. Corn Stover Feedstock for Biofuels Production: Costs of Feedstock Supply

    https://ohioline.osu.edu/factsheet/fabe-660

    the operation of the biofuels production plants. In the United States, corn stover, which is ... conventionally collected in limited quantities for feed and bedding material for livestock, is being considered ... availability, especially in the Midwest. It is the primary feedstock choice of first generation cellulosic ...

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